Python is one of the leading and most widely sought-after programming languages. The language is preferred for its easy syntax and wide-ranging applications, especially in the development of modern technology tools including Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, Computer Vision, and others.
However, with the high demand for professional Python developers, there’s also steep competition. If you are looking to prepare for your next job interview, make sure to go prepared with detailed Python interview questions. Here in this blog, we have come up with the most comprehensive list of Python interview questions and answers, to serve as your one-stop resource for interview preparation. For better readability and robust preparation, we have segregated the Python interview questions concerning the experience levels including; python interview questions for fresh graduates, mid-career professionals, and for experienced professions.
So, let’s not waste any more time and start our comprehensive Python interview questions and answers resource.
Ans.
LIST | TUPLES |
In python, Lists are editable or mutable | Tuples in Python are not editable or immutable |
Generally, Lists are slower as compared to Tuples | Tuples are fasters in comparison to Lists |
Ans. Python is a general-purpose programming language, however, it also has the capability to be used as a scripting language. The Python Scripting Tutorial can be used to know more about Python capabilities as a scripting language.
Ans. Yes. Python is an interpreted language, as it doesn’t need to be compiled before running.
Ans. PEP or Python Enhancement Proposal refers to the set of rules in Python that details the formatting of Python codes for better readability.
Ans: The Memory in Python is managed by “Python Private Heap Space”, where all the data structures and objects of the language are located. The private heap space is managed by the Python interpreter, whereas, the programmer doesn’t have access to it.
– The heap space for Python memory management is taken care of by Python’s memory manager. Whereas programmers are given limited access to tools through core API to write codes
– The garbage collector in Python takes care of all the deleted, unused memory by recycling or removing the items, so as to ensure the availability of heap space
Ans. Namespace is python refers to the naming system. The Namespace function of the language ensures that there are no naming conflicts
Ans. Python Path refers to an environment variable. It is mostly used to check the availability of imported modules in multiple directories. PythonPath variable is also used by the interpreter to determine the module to be loaded
Ans. Python modules represent files with python codes. The modules are .py files and comprise executable codes. The module may comprise variable or function classes. Some of the more commonly used Python modules include;
Local Variables
– Local variables are variables declared inside a function. These variables are not present in the global space, rather only in local space
Global Variables
Global variables are variables declared outside a function (global space). These variables can be accessed through any function in the code
Ans. Yes. Python is a case sensitive language
Ans. In Python, the conversion of one type of data into another type is known as type conversion.
Some of the common type conversion functions in Python includes;
Tuple () – A type function used for conversion to a tuple
Int () – used for conversion of any data type into an integer
Set () – A function used to covert to set
List () – A function used to convert any data type into a list
Ans. Following steps can be followed to install Python on Windows;
– Download python from the website
– Installation of the language on the PC (to check out the location of Python installation on your PC, write “CMD Python” in the command prompt
– Once installed, go to the advanced system settings and add a new variable named Python_Name. Now, paste the “installation location” of Python to the Python_Name variable
– Select the Python_Name variable and choose “edit”. Then insert a semicolon at the end of the value (in case it’s not present already) and lastly type “%Python_HOME%”
Ans. Yes. Indentations are compulsive for Python programs and are used to specify a coding block. An indented block comprises all the functions, classes, and codes within loops. The indentation is usually done using four space character. Without precise indentation, a python program may through errors or not execute properly.
Ans. Arrays and Lists are used to store data in Python. While both of them have the same data storage ways, arrays are only capable to hold a single data type element, whereas, Lists are capable to hold multiple data type elements.
Ans. In Python, “Function” represents a block of code that can be executed only upon calling. The “Def” keyword is used to define the Function in Python.
Ans. In Python, _init_ is a constructor or method. The _init_ is used to allocated memory in any case where a new object is created.
Ans. Lambda is also known as an anonymous function in Python. The Lambda function can only have one statement, along with any number of parameters.
Ans. Self represents an object or instance of a class, which unlike java (where it’s only an optional parameter) is explicitly included as the first parameter. The Self function enables easy differentiation for class methods and attributes with local variables
Ans.
Break:
Break enable loop termination, in case a specific condition is met and the control is passed on to the next statement.
Continue:
The function enables skipping part of the loop in case some specific condition is met, and the control is reverted to the beginning of the loop
Pass:
Pass is a null operation that is used to keep a block of code syntactically, however, skipping its execution.
Ans: [::-1] is used to reverse the order of a sequence or an array
Ans. In Python, iterators referred to the objects which can be iterated upon or traversed through.
Ans. Random numbers can be generated by using “Random Module”, which is a standard module in Python.
Ans: Random module is the standard module that is used to generate a random number. The method is defined as:
Ans. In Python, range and xrange are much similar in terms of functionality. Both range and xrange enable the generation of integers to be used, however, you like. However, the difference between the two is that with “range” a “python list object” is returned, whereas, “xrange” returns a “xrange object”.
This means that unlike lists generated by range, the integers generated by xrange aren’t static lists. Contrarily, xrange generates values as needed by the programmer by using a specific technique “yielding”, which uses a specific type of object called “generators”. This means that xrange is the right function to be used when you are looking to generate a list of massive range (say one billion).
Ok, now that we are done with Python interview questions and answers for fresh graduates, let’s pull the bar a little higher. Let’s now move on to Python interview questions and answers for Intermediate level (mid-career professionals)
Ans. In Python, comments can be inserted by writing the “#” character at the beginning of the sentence. However, comments can also be added in Python using docstrings.
Ans. The process of pickling includes taking up a python object (any object) and dumping it to a file after converting it into a string. The pickling process is done using the “Pickle Module”.
The Unpickling process includes retrieval of “original python objects” from the stored strings.
Ans. Generator in Python represents functions that return an iterable set of items
Ans. The capitalize () method is used in Python to capitalize the first letter of the string. In the case where a string is already started with a capital letter, the method returns the original string.
Ans. The lower () function is used in Python to convert a string to all lowercase
Ans. To comment multiple lines (lines that appear in more than one line) needs to be prefixed by “#”. Another shortcut method that can be used to comment multi-lines in Python includes; holding “CTRL Key” and left-click on every place where you need to add comment and type “#” only one time. This way, “#” will be included at all lines where you need to insert the comment.
Ans. Docstrings may appear to be similar to comments, however, in essence, these are documentation strings and can be inserted within triple quotes. Since Docstrings can’t be assigned to any variable, thereby at times these can also be used for comments.
Ans. Operators in Python are special functions that are able to take-up single or multiple values to generate corresponding results.
Ans. Int () and Dir () functions in Python are used to view the consolidated dump of built-in functions and can be accessed through the Python Interpreter.
Ans:
Ans. Dictionary in Python represents the one-on-one relationship between keys and values and is comprised of built-in data types. The dictionary in Python will comprise of keys and their corresponding values.
Ans. Ternary operators in Python are used to show conditional statements. These operators comprise of “True” or “False” values along with a statement that has to be evaluated for the given condition.
Ans. *args in Python is used in instances where the number of arguments that will be passed to a function isn’t quantified or when a store list or tuple has to pass to a function.
**kwargs is used in instances when the number of keyword arguments to be passed to a function is not quantified. It can also be used to pass the dictionary values as keyword arguments.
While args and kwargs are convention identifiers and you may also use others like *john or *Sophia for that purpose, however, those aren’t recommended.
Ans. In Python, Len () is used to determine the length of an array, string, or others.
Ans. Python’s re-module offers three different methods to modify the strings including;
Ans. In Python, the sequences are indexes as strings that can be positive or negative. Positive indexes start with “0” as the first index followed by “1” as the second index and it keeps going on infinitely.
For negative strings, the index with “-1”, represents the last string, followed by “-2” that represents the “penultimate” index and the sequence carry forward infinitely.
The negative index in Python is mostly used to remove new line spaces, as well as, to represent in string in the correct order.
Ans. In Python, namespaces are packages that comprise multiple modules
Ans. To delete files in Python, you would have to import the OS module and use the os.remove() function.
Ans. Some of the built-in types in Python includes;
Ans.
Ans. Append (), insert (I,x), and extend () functions can be used to add elements to a Python array.
Ans. Pop () or remove () functions can be sued to remove elements from python arrays. The pop () function returns the deleted value, whereas, the remove () function doesn’t.
Ans. As an object-oriented programming language, Python can be used to solve any program using object models. However, Python can’t just be classified as an “object-oriented programming language” but can also be treated as a structural or procedural language.
Ans. Shallow copy is more often used in case a new instance type is created. Shallow copy maintains the copied values in the new instance and can also be used to copy the reference pointers.
The deep copy doesn’t allow copying of reference pointers to the objects and is used to store already copied values.
Ans:
We already have gone through much of the Python interview questions and answers. However, there’s still a lot to cover. So, now let’s move on to the next level and see some Python interview questions and answers for advanced level professionals.
Ans. The compiling process enables the compilation of new extensions without any error. Whereas, the linking is only achieved once the new extensions passed through the compilation process. The process of compilation and linking includes;
Ans. Python comes with various libraries, which are essentially the collection of Python packages. Some of the more commonly used Python libraries include;
Ans. The Split () function in Python is meant to separate the string
Ans. To import Python modules, you would use “Import” keywords. Modules can be imported in three ways;
Ans. The inheritance function in Python enables users to copy all the members (attributes and methods) of one class to another class. The function also enables code reusability, thus making it convenient for coders to develop and maintain applications. In “inheritance” the class from where the members are being copied is called “superclass”, whereas, the call to which the members are inherited is called “derived/child class”.
Ans. In Python, classes can be created using the keyword “class”.
Ans. In Python, the dynamic modification of a module or class in run-time is referred to as monkey patching.
Ans. Yes. Unlike Java, Python does allow for multiple inheritance, where a child class can inherit members of multiple parent classes.
Ans. Python does support polymorphism, which enables the child classes to have the same name but different parameters and variables as the parent classes.
Ans. The term encapsulation refers to the process of binding data and code together. Python is one example of encapsulation.
Ans. In data abstraction, the process of code execution is hidden from the world, whereby, only limited details are shown. Abstract and interface classes can be used in Python to achieve data abstraction.
Ans. An empty class refers to a class that doesn’t comprise any code in its block. In Python, empty classes can be created by using the “Pass” keyword. “Pass” is a null statement in Python and does nothing when executed.
Ans. Object () is used to create a featureless object in Python. The function doesn’t take any parameters, however, the featureless object created is the base for all classes.
Ans. Flask is the web microframework for Python. In Python, Flask makes the framework light, whereas, it comes with fewer bugs and little dependency on updates.
Ans. Both Django and Flask are used in Python to map the URLs typed in the web browsers.
Flask is easier than Django, however, it also has limited functionality. This means that users are required to specify the details when using Flask. Contrarily, Django may be a little complicated as compared to Flask, however, it achieves much more for the user, leaving little to do on the users’ end. Flask requires users to write their codes, whereas, Django comes with prewritten codes.
Technically, both Flask and Django are handy tools with their own set of strengths and limitations.
Ans.
Ans. Django offers three different inheritance styles including;
– Abstract Base Classes
This inheritance style is used when developers only want to copy specific members of the parent class to the child class which they don’t want to type out
– Multi-Table Inheritance
This inheritance style is used when developers want to create sub-classes of an existing model while requiring an individual database table for each model.
– Proxy Models
This inheritance model is used when the developer wants to modify the Python level behavior of the model
Ans. Map function runs the first argument across all the elements of the iterable mentioned as the second argument. In the case where there is more than one argument, multiple iterables may be given.
Ans. Numpy is better than Python lists for reasons mentioned below;
Ans. Following steps may be used to get indices of N maximum values in NumPy array;
Output
[ 7 3 2 ]
Ans.
Ans. Users would have to integrate packages to integrate with NumPy to create 3D plots, which is essentially beyond the scope of NumPy and SciPy both. One particular package is Matplotlib, which enables 3D plotting in the mplot3D subpackage.
a) x = (40:”Ana”, 45:”50”)
b) x = {}
c) x = {40:”Ana”, 45:”Victor”}
d) x = {“Ana”:40, “Victor”:45}
Answer: a, c & d.
Answer. B (//)
Ans. D (there is no character limit for identifier)
Ans. B (X Y Z = 1000 2000 3000)
Congrats you have completed one of the most comprehensive Python Interview questions and answers guide. We really hope that you would have learned some quick insights into the Python Interview Questions and would be better prepared for the next interview.
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